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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/deprecated_options/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Deprecated Options
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/branches/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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branches
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/branches-mount-timeout/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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branches-mount-timeout
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/functions_categories_policies/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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functions, categories and policies
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/minfreespace/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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minfreespace
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/func_readdir/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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func.readdir
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/rename_and_link/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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rename and link
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/moveonenospc/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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moveonenospc
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/cache/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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caching
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/passthrough/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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passthrough.io
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/readahead/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
|
readahead
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/inodecalc/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
inodecalc
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/threads/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
threads
|
|
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|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/pin-threads/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
pin-threads
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/proxy-ioprio/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
proxy-ioprio
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/link-cow/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
link-cow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/fuse-msg-size/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
fuse-msg-size
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/follow-symlinks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
follow-symlinks
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/link-exdev/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
link-exdev
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/rename-exdev/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
rename-exdev
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/symlinkify/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
symlinkify
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/nullrw/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
nullrw
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/xattr/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
xattr
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/nfsopenhack/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
nfsopenhack
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/statfs/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
statfs / statvfs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/flush-on-close/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
flush-on-close
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/export-support/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
export-support
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/kernel-permissions-check/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
kernel-permissions-check
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/lazy-umount-mountpoint/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
lazy-umount-mountpoint
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../error_handling_and_logging/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Error Handling and Logging
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../resource_usage/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resource Usage
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../runtime_interface/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Runtime Interface
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../remote_filesystems/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remote Filesystems
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../tips_notes/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tips and Notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../known_issues_bugs/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Known Issues and Bugs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
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Limiting drive spinup
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Limiting drive spinup
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<a href="https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs/edit/master/mkdocs/docs/faq/limit_drive_spinup.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon" rel="edit">
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<h1 id="limiting-drive-spinup">Limiting drive spinup</h1>
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<h2 id="does-mergerfs-do-anything-to-prevent-drive-spinup">Does mergerfs do anything to prevent drive spinup?</h2>
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<p>No. In fact it makes it worse.</p>
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<h2 id="how-can-i-setup-my-system-to-limit-drive-spinup">How can I setup my system to limit drive spinup?</h2>
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<p>TL;DR: You really can't. Not through mergerfs alone. In fact using
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mergerfs makes any general attempt to limit spinup more complicated.</p>
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<p>mergerfs is a proxy. Despite having <a href="../../config/cache/">some caching
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behaviors</a> it is not designed to cache much more
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than metadata. It proxies calls between client software and underlying
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filesystems. If a client makes a request such as <code>open</code>, <code>readdir</code>,
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<code>stat</code>, etc. it must translate that into something that makes sense
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across multiple filesystems. For <code>readdir</code> that means running the same
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call against all branches and aggregating the output. For <code>open</code> that
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means finding the file to open and doing so. The only way to find the
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file to open is to scan across all branches and sort the results and
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pick one. There is some variability in how much searching is done due
|
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to
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<a href="../../config/functions_categories_policies/#policy-descriptions">policies</a>
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but not much. There is no practical way to do otherwise. Especially
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given so many mergerfs users expect out-of-band changes to "just
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work."</p>
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<p>The best way to limit spinup of drives is to limit their usage at the
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|
client level. Meaning keeping software from interacting with the
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filesystem (and therefore the drive) all together.</p>
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<h3 id="what-if-you-assume-no-out-of-band-changes-and-cache-everything">What if you assume no out-of-band changes and cache everything?</h3>
|
|
<p>This would require a significant rewrite of mergerfs. Everything is
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|
done on the fly right now and all those calls to underlying
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filesystems can cause a spinup. To work around that a database of some
|
|
sort would have to be used to store ALL metadata about the underlying
|
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filesystems and on startup everything scanned and stored. From then on
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it would have to carefully update all the same data the filesystems
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do. It couldn't be kept in RAM because it would take up too much space
|
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so it'd have to be on a SSD or other storage device. If anything
|
|
changed out of band it would break things in weird ways (and MANY
|
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users depend on out of band changes working.) It could rescan on
|
|
occasion but that would require spinning up everything. Filesystem
|
|
watches could be used but since mergerfs is just another piece of
|
|
software interacting with the filesystem ALL mergerfs requests would
|
|
be echoed back to it causing lots of overhead throwing away a super
|
|
majority of events it triggered. And something as "simple" as keeping
|
|
the current available free space on each filesystem is not as easy as
|
|
one might think given reflinks, snapshots, and other block level dedup
|
|
technologies distort the meaning of usage values.</p>
|
|
<p>Only if ALL metadata and all file locations were cached could mergerfs
|
|
then do very targeted file operations so as not to trigger a scan
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|
across the pool. But that will break out of band interactions. It
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|
would require accepting possibly bad behavior by space based policies
|
|
since space would be imprecisely computed. It would require long scans
|
|
of the filesystems on startup and a separate location to store all
|
|
this data.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="what-if-you-only-query-already-active-drives">What if you only query already active drives?</h3>
|
|
<p>Let's assume that is plausible (it isn't because some drives actually
|
|
will spin up if you ask if they are spun down... yes... really) you
|
|
would have to either cache all the metadata on the filesystem or treat
|
|
it like the filesystem doesn't exist. The former has all the problems
|
|
mentioned prior and the latter would break a lot of things. Suddenly
|
|
whole filesystems worth of data would be missing because it spun down.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="is-there-anything-that-can-be-done-where-mergerfs-is-involved">Is there anything that can be done where mergerfs is involved?</h3>
|
|
<p>Yes, but whether it works for you depends on your tolerance for the
|
|
complexity.</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Cleanly separate writing, storing, and consuming the data.<ol>
|
|
<li>Use a SSD or dedicated and limited pool of drives for downloads / torrents.</li>
|
|
<li>When downloaded move the files to the primary storage pool.</li>
|
|
<li>When setting up software like Plex, Jellyfin, etc. point to the
|
|
underlying filesystems. Not mergerfs.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Add a bunch of bcache, lvmcache, dm-cache, or similar block level
|
|
cache to your setup. After a bit of use, assuming sufficient
|
|
storage space, you can limit the likelihood of the underlying
|
|
spinning disks from needing to be hit.</li>
|
|
<li>Tweak your system's settings around caching:<ul>
|
|
<li>mount all your filesystems with <code>noatime</code> to disable updating
|
|
"last accessed" time on files.</li>
|
|
<li>mount all your filesystems with <code>nodiratime</code> to disable updating
|
|
"last accessed" time on directories.</li>
|
|
<li><code>sudo sysctl -w vm.vfs_cache_pressure=10</code>: Prioritizes keeping
|
|
file metadata cached in RAM.</li>
|
|
<li><code>sudo sysctl -w vm.dirty_ratio=40</code>: Allows up to 40% of system
|
|
memory to be filled with unwritten "dirty" data before forcing a
|
|
disk flush.</li>
|
|
<li><code>sudo sysctl -w vm.dirty_background_ratio=5</code>: Sets a lower
|
|
threshold (5%) for the kernel to start writing data in the
|
|
background without blocking applications.</li>
|
|
<li><code>sudo sysctl -w vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=6000</code>: Increases
|
|
the interval between kernel writeback checks to 60 seconds
|
|
(default is usually 5).</li>
|
|
<li><code>sudo sysctl -w vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=12000</code>: Allows data to
|
|
stay "dirty" in RAM for up to 120 seconds before it must be
|
|
written to disk.</li>
|
|
<li>To make <code>sysctl</code> values permanent add the above to
|
|
<code>/etc/sysctl.conf</code>.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Note:</strong> for systems with limited RAM the above <code>sysctl</code> values
|
|
could cause issues.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Note:</strong> if you increase the time for which data is stored in
|
|
RAM before being flushed to disk there is also an increased risk
|
|
that a sudden powerloss could lead to lost data.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Enable all the appropriate caches in mergerfs:<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="https://trapexit.github.io/mergerfs/latest/config/cache/">https://trapexit.github.io/mergerfs/latest/config/cache/</a></li>
|
|
<li><code>cache.entry=86400</code>: cache file existence for 24h.</li>
|
|
<li><code>cache.negative-entry=86400</code>: cache file non-existence for 24h.</li>
|
|
<li><code>cache.attr=86400</code>: cache file metadata for 24h.</li>
|
|
<li><code>cache.symlinks=true</code>: enable symlink caching.</li>
|
|
<li><code>cache.readdir=true</code>: enable directory listing caching.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h3 id="references">References</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.html">Documentation for /proc/sys/vm/</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://oneuptime.com/blog/post/2026-03-04-configure-vm-swappiness-virtual-memory-rhel-9/view">How to Configure vm.swappiness and Other Virtual Memory Parameters on RHEL</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="tradeoffs">Tradeoffs</h3>
|
|
<p>While it may be a trade off you are willing to live with there is
|
|
decent evidence that spinning down drives puts material increased wear
|
|
on them and can lead to their death earlier than otherwise. You may
|
|
end up saving money on electricity but spending more on having to
|
|
purchase new drives sooner.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="alternatives">Alternatives</h2>
|
|
<p><a href="../../project_comparisons/">Project Comparisons</a> lists a few projects
|
|
that are similar to mergerfs but offer caching. Please note that these
|
|
projects are very young and not general purpose like mergerfs. Their
|
|
compliance to POSIX filesystem rules is probably low enough that
|
|
certain behaviors may not work or worse lead to data corruption.</p>
|
|
<p>I'm not suggesting not to look at those projects but filesystem
|
|
development is complicated even when it appears to be just a layer on
|
|
top of another. Just be careful and do your research. That stands for
|
|
anything touching your data... mergerfs included.</p>
|
|
<p>To the degree that mergerfs can add features which help in this
|
|
situation, so long as it doesn't interfere with other fundamental
|
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features, they may be added over time.</p>
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