snapraid/tommyds/tommytree.h

574 lines
15 KiB
C

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
// Copyright (C) 2015 Andrea Mazzoleni
/** \file
* AVL tree.
*
* This tree is a standard AVL tree implementation that stores elements in the
* order defined by the comparison function.
*
* As a difference from other tommy containers, duplicate elements cannot be inserted.
*
* To initialize a tree you have to call tommy_tree_init() specifying a comparison
* function that will define the order in the tree.
*
* \code
* tommy_tree tree;
*
* tommy_tree_init(&tree, cmp);
* \endcode
*
* To insert elements in the tree you have to call tommy_tree_insert() for
* each element.
* In the insertion call you have to specify the address of the node and the
* address of the object.
* The address of the object is used to initialize the tommy_node::data field
* of the node.
*
* \code
* struct object {
* int value;
* // other fields
* tommy_tree_node node;
* };
*
* struct object* obj = malloc(sizeof(struct object)); // creates the object
*
* obj->value = ...; // initializes the object
*
* tommy_tree_insert(&tree, &obj->node, obj); // inserts the object
* \endcode
*
* To find an element in the tree you have to call tommy_tree_search() providing
* the key to search.
*
* \code
* struct object value_to_find = { 1 };
* struct object* obj = tommy_tree_search(&tree, &value_to_find);
* if (!obj) {
* // not found
* } else {
* // found
* }
* \endcode
*
* To iterate over all the elements in the tree you can call
* tommy_tree_head() to get the head of the tree and follow the
* next elements with tommy_tree_next().
*
* \code
* tommy_tree_node* i = tommy_tree_head(&tree);
* while (i) {
* struct object* obj = i->data; // gets the object pointer
*
* printf("%d\n", obj->value); // process the object
*
* i = tommy_tree_next(i); // go to the next element
* }
* \endcode
*
* To remove an element from the tree you have to call tommy_tree_remove()
* providing the key to search and remove.
*
* \code
* struct object value_to_remove = { 1 };
* struct object* obj = tommy_tree_remove(&tree, &value_to_remove);
* if (obj) {
* free(obj); // frees the object allocated memory
* }
* \endcode
*
* You can also remove an element from the tree if you already have the node
* address using tommy_tree_remove_existing().
*
* \code
* struct object* obj = ...;
* tommy_tree_remove_existing(&tree, &obj->node);
* free(obj);
* \endcode
*
* To remove the smallest or greatest element you can use tommy_tree_remove_head()
* or tommy_tree_remove_tail().
*
* \code
* struct object* obj = tommy_tree_remove_head(&tree);
* if (obj) {
* free(obj);
* }
* \endcode
*
* To destroy the tree you have to remove or destroy all the contained elements.
* The tree itself doesn't have or need a deallocation function.
* This can be done with the tommy_tree_foreach() function.
*
* \code
* // deallocates all the objects iterating the tree
* tommy_tree_foreach(&tree, free);
* \endcode
*/
#ifndef __TOMMYTREE_H
#define __TOMMYTREE_H
#include "tommytypes.h"
/******************************************************************************/
/* tree */
/**
* Tree node.
* This is the node that you have to include inside your objects.
* The node must preserve its natural alignment because the tree stores the
* balance factor in the two least significant bits of the parent pointer.
*/
typedef tommy_node tommy_tree_node;
/**
* Tree container type.
* \note Don't use internal fields directly, but access the container only using functions.
*/
typedef struct tommy_tree_struct {
tommy_tree_node* root; /**< Root node. */
tommy_compare_func* cmp; /**< Comparison function. */
tommy_size_t count; /**< Number of elements. */
} tommy_tree;
/**
* Initializes the tree.
* \param cmp The comparison function that defines the order in the tree.
*/
tommy_inline void tommy_tree_init(tommy_tree* tree, tommy_compare_func* cmp)
{
tree->root = 0;
tree->count = 0;
tree->cmp = cmp;
}
/**
* Inserts an element in the tree.
* If the element is already present, it's not inserted again.
* Check the return value to identify if the element was already present or not.
* You have to provide the pointer of the node embedded into the object and
* the pointer to the object.
* \param node Pointer to the node embedded into the object to insert.
* \param data Pointer to the object to insert.
* \return The element in the tree. Either the already existing one, or the one just inserted.
*/
TOMMY_API void* tommy_tree_insert(tommy_tree* tree, tommy_tree_node* node, void* data);
/**
* Removes an element from the tree.
* You must already have the address of the element to remove.
* \return The tommy_node::data field of the node removed.
*/
TOMMY_API void* tommy_tree_remove_existing(tommy_tree* tree, tommy_tree_node* node);
/** \internal
* Calls the specified function for each element in the tree.
* \param root Root node of the tree.
* \param func Function to call.
*/
TOMMY_API void tommy_tree_foreach_node(tommy_tree_node* root, tommy_foreach_func* func);
/** \internal
* Calls the specified function with an argument for each element in the tree.
* \param root Root node of the tree.
* \param func Function to call.
* \param arg Custom argument for the function.
*/
TOMMY_API void tommy_tree_foreach_arg_node(tommy_tree_node* root, tommy_foreach_arg_func* func, void* arg);
/**
* Gets the parent of the specified node.
* \param node Node contained in the tree.
* \return The parent node. For the root node 0 is returned.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_tree_node* tommy_tree_parent(tommy_tree_node* node)
{
return (tommy_tree_node*)(tommy_uintptr_t)(node->index & ~(tommy_size_t)3);
}
/**
* Gets the node following the specified one in tree order.
* \param node Node contained in the tree.
* \return The following node. For the tail node 0 is returned.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_tree_node* tommy_tree_next(tommy_tree_node* node)
{
tommy_tree_node* parent;
if (node->next) {
node = node->next;
while (node->prev)
node = node->prev;
return node;
}
parent = tommy_tree_parent(node);
while (parent && node == parent->next) {
node = parent;
parent = tommy_tree_parent(parent);
}
return parent;
}
/**
* Gets the node preceding the specified one in tree order.
* \param node Node contained in the tree.
* \return The preceding node. For the head node 0 is returned.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_tree_node* tommy_tree_prev(tommy_tree_node* node)
{
tommy_tree_node* parent;
if (node->prev) {
node = node->prev;
while (node->next)
node = node->next;
return node;
}
parent = tommy_tree_parent(node);
while (parent && node == parent->prev) {
node = parent;
parent = tommy_tree_parent(parent);
}
return parent;
}
/**
* Gets the head (smallest) element in the tree.
* \return The head node. For empty trees 0 is returned.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_tree_node* tommy_tree_head(tommy_tree* tree)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tree->root;
if (!node)
return 0;
while (node->prev)
node = node->prev;
return node;
}
/**
* Gets the tail (greatest) element in the tree.
* \return The tail node. For empty trees 0 is returned.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_tree_node* tommy_tree_tail(tommy_tree* tree)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tree->root;
if (!node)
return 0;
while (node->next)
node = node->next;
return node;
}
/**
* Removes and returns the head (smallest) element.
* If the tree is empty, 0 is returned.
* \return The removed element, or 0 if empty.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_remove_head(tommy_tree* tree)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_head(tree);
if (!node)
return 0;
return tommy_tree_remove_existing(tree, node);
}
/**
* Removes and returns the tail (greatest) element.
* If the tree is empty, 0 is returned.
* \return The removed element, or 0 if empty.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_remove_tail(tommy_tree* tree)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_tail(tree);
if (!node)
return 0;
return tommy_tree_remove_existing(tree, node);
}
/** \internal
* Searches a node in the tree.
* If the element is not found, 0 is returned.
* \param cmp Comparison function.
* \param node Node to start the search from.
* \param data Element used for comparison.
* \return The first node found, or 0 if none.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_tree_node* tommy_tree_search_node(tommy_compare_func* cmp, tommy_tree_node* node, void* data)
{
while (node) {
int c = cmp(data, node->data);
if (c < 0)
node = node->prev;
else if (c > 0)
node = node->next;
else
return node;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Searches an element in the tree.
* If the element is not found, 0 is returned.
* \param data Element used for comparison.
* \return The first element found, or 0 if none.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_search(tommy_tree* tree, void* data)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_search_node(tree->cmp, tree->root, data);
if (!node)
return 0;
return node->data;
}
/**
* Searches an element in the tree with a specific comparison function.
*
* Like tommy_tree_search() but you can specify a different comparison function.
* Note that this function must define a suborder of the original one.
*
* The ::data argument will be the first argument of the comparison function,
* and it can be of a different type than the objects in the tree.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_search_compare(tommy_tree* tree, tommy_compare_func* cmp, void* cmp_arg)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_search_node(cmp, tree->root, cmp_arg);
if (!node)
return 0;
return node->data;
}
/** \internal
* Searches a node in the tree with key greater or equal than the specified one.
* If no such element exists, 0 is returned.
* \param cmp Comparison function.
* \param node Node to start the search from.
* \param data Element used for comparison.
* \return The first node found, or 0 if none.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_tree_node* tommy_tree_search_greater_equal_node(tommy_compare_func* cmp, tommy_tree_node* node, void* data)
{
tommy_tree_node* candidate = 0;
while (node) {
int c = cmp(data, node->data);
if (c < 0) {
candidate = node;
node = node->prev;
} else if (c > 0) {
node = node->next;
} else {
return node;
}
}
return candidate;
}
/**
* Searches an element in the tree with key greater or equal than the specified one.
* If no such element exists, 0 is returned.
* \param data Element used for comparison.
* \return The first element found, or 0 if none.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_search_greater_equal(tommy_tree* tree, void* data)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_search_greater_equal_node(tree->cmp, tree->root, data);
if (!node)
return 0;
return node->data;
}
/**
* Searches an element in the tree with key greater or equal than the specified one with a specific comparison function.
*
* Like tommy_tree_search_greater_equal() but you can specify a different comparison function.
* Note that this function must define a suborder of the original one.
*
* The ::data argument will be the first argument of the comparison function,
* and it can be of a different type than the objects in the tree.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_search_greater_equal_compare(tommy_tree* tree, tommy_compare_func* cmp, void* cmp_arg)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_search_greater_equal_node(cmp, tree->root, cmp_arg);
if (!node)
return 0;
return node->data;
}
/** \internal
* Searches a node in the tree with key less or equal than the specified one.
* If no such element exists, 0 is returned.
* \param cmp Comparison function.
* \param node Node to start the search from.
* \param data Element used for comparison.
* \return The first node found, or 0 if none.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_tree_node* tommy_tree_search_less_equal_node(tommy_compare_func* cmp, tommy_tree_node* node, void* data)
{
tommy_tree_node* candidate = 0;
while (node) {
int c = cmp(data, node->data);
if (c < 0) {
node = node->prev;
} else if (c > 0) {
candidate = node;
node = node->next;
} else {
return node;
}
}
return candidate;
}
/**
* Searches an element in the tree with key less or equal than the specified one.
* If no such element exists, 0 is returned.
* \param data Element used for comparison.
* \return The first element found, or 0 if none.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_search_less_equal(tommy_tree* tree, void* data)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_search_less_equal_node(tree->cmp, tree->root, data);
if (!node)
return 0;
return node->data;
}
/**
* Searches an element in the tree with key less or equal than the specified one with a specific comparison function.
*
* Like tommy_tree_search_less_equal() but you can specify a different comparison function.
* Note that this function must define a suborder of the original one.
*
* The ::data argument will be the first argument of the comparison function,
* and it can be of a different type than the objects in the tree.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_search_less_equal_compare(tommy_tree* tree, tommy_compare_func* cmp, void* cmp_arg)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_search_less_equal_node(cmp, tree->root, cmp_arg);
if (!node)
return 0;
return node->data;
}
/**
* Searches and removes an element.
* If the element is not found, 0 is returned.
* \param data Element used for comparison.
* \return The removed element, or 0 if not found.
*/
tommy_inline void* tommy_tree_remove(tommy_tree* tree, void* data)
{
tommy_tree_node* node = tommy_tree_search_node(tree->cmp, tree->root, data);
if (!node)
return 0;
return tommy_tree_remove_existing(tree, node);
}
/**
* Calls the specified function for each element in the tree.
*
* The elements are processed in order.
*
* You cannot add or remove elements from the inside of the callback,
* but can use it to deallocate them.
*
* \code
* tommy_tree tree;
*
* // initializes the tree
* tommy_tree_init(&tree, cmp);
*
* ...
*
* // creates an object
* struct object* obj = malloc(sizeof(struct object));
*
* ...
*
* // insert it in the tree
* tommy_tree_insert(&tree, &obj->node, obj);
*
* ...
*
* // deallocates all the objects iterating the tree
* tommy_tree_foreach(&tree, free);
* \endcode
*/
tommy_inline void tommy_tree_foreach(tommy_tree* tree, tommy_foreach_func* func)
{
tommy_tree_foreach_node(tree->root, func);
}
/**
* Calls the specified function with an argument for each element in the tree.
*/
tommy_inline void tommy_tree_foreach_arg(tommy_tree* tree, tommy_foreach_arg_func* func, void* arg)
{
tommy_tree_foreach_arg_node(tree->root, func, arg);
}
/**
* Checks if empty.
* \return If the tree is empty.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_bool_t tommy_tree_empty(tommy_tree* tree)
{
return tree->root == 0;
}
/**
* Gets the number of elements.
*/
tommy_inline tommy_size_t tommy_tree_count(tommy_tree* tree)
{
return tree->count;
}
/**
* Gets the size of allocated memory.
* It includes the size of the ::tommy_tree_node of the stored elements.
*/
TOMMY_API tommy_size_t tommy_tree_memory_usage(tommy_tree* tree);
#endif