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https://github.com/lrnselfreliance/wrolpi.git
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dfdf3d8166
A new "Off-grid sizing" tab sizes a battery system for the darkest month from a list of devices (watts x hours per day): - Battery bank for a number of days without sun, for LiFePO4 or lead-acid, at 12, 24 or 48 V. Outdoor lead-acid is enlarged for the cold; outdoor lithium warns against charging below 0 C. - Panels needed, from the worst month's DC production per kW at the chosen angle, with a button to apply the count. A PWM controller's loss (battery voltage over the panel's Vmp) raises the count. - Charge controller current, and the string voltage on the coldest morning against the controller's limit, since cold panels exceed their rated Voc. The coldest morning defaults to 25 C below the coldest monthly average. All inputs live in the URL like the rest of the calculator. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
337 lines
17 KiB
JavaScript
337 lines
17 KiB
JavaScript
import React from "react";
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import {Button, Grid, Group, Header, IconButton, Message, NumberInput, Panel, Select, Statistic, StatisticGroup,
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Table, TextInput, Toggle} from "../ui";
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import {roundDigits} from "../Common";
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import {
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BATTERIES,
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batteryWarnings,
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CONTROLLERS,
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controllerSizing,
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dailyLoadWh,
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defaultColdest,
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formatLoads,
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leadAcidCapacityFactor,
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loadWh,
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parseLoads,
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requiredKwp,
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sizeBattery,
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SYSTEM_VOLTAGES,
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} from "./offgrid";
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// Defaults are typical of a 400 W residential panel; the user should copy their panel's label.
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const PANEL_DEFAULTS = {voc: 37, vmp: 31, isc: 13.8, bvoc: -0.27};
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const DEFAULT_LOAD_INVERTER_EFFICIENCY = 90;
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const DEFAULT_DAYS = 2;
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const DEFAULT_CONTROLLER_MAX_VOLTAGE = 100;
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// Above this, a higher system voltage needs a much smaller controller and thinner wire.
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const HIGH_CURRENT = 60;
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const numberOr = (value, fallback) => {
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if (value === null || value === undefined || value === '') {
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return fallback;
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}
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const n = Number(value);
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return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : fallback;
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};
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const fmt = (value, digits = 0) => (Number.isFinite(value) ? `${roundDigits(value, digits)}` : '—');
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const Hint = ({children}) => <p style={{fontSize: '0.9em', opacity: 0.75, marginTop: 0}}>{children}</p>;
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// The off-grid inputs, read from the URL like the rest of the calculator. Invalid values fall back.
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export function offGridFromParams(get, monthlyTemperatures) {
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const battery = BATTERIES[get('bat')] ? get('bat') : 'lfp';
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const systemVoltage = SYSTEM_VOLTAGES.includes(Number(get('sv'))) ? Number(get('sv')) : 12;
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const controller = CONTROLLERS[get('ctl')] ? get('ctl') : 'mppt';
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const coldestMonthly = (monthlyTemperatures || []).filter(Number.isFinite).length
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? Math.min(...monthlyTemperatures.filter(Number.isFinite)) : null;
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const defaultTmin = defaultColdest(monthlyTemperatures);
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return {
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loads: parseLoads(get('load')),
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acLoads: get('ac') !== '0',
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loadInverterEfficiency: numberOr(get('leff'), DEFAULT_LOAD_INVERTER_EFFICIENCY),
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battery,
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systemVoltage,
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dod: numberOr(get('dod'), BATTERIES[battery].dod),
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days: Math.max(0, numberOr(get('aut'), DEFAULT_DAYS)),
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outdoors: get('bout') === '1',
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controller,
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voc: numberOr(get('voc'), PANEL_DEFAULTS.voc),
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vmp: numberOr(get('vmp'), PANEL_DEFAULTS.vmp),
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isc: numberOr(get('isc'), PANEL_DEFAULTS.isc),
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betaVoc: numberOr(get('bvoc'), PANEL_DEFAULTS.bvoc),
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series: Math.max(1, Math.round(numberOr(get('ns'), 1))),
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controllerMaxVoltage: numberOr(get('cmax'), DEFAULT_CONTROLLER_MAX_VOLTAGE),
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coldestMonthly,
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defaultTmin,
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coldest: numberOr(get('tmin'), defaultTmin),
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};
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}
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/**
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* Everything the off-grid tab shows, from its inputs.
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*
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* @param {Object} o offGridFromParams()
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* @param {Object} worst the worst month for a 1 kW array: {month, energyDaily}
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* @param {number} panelWatts
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* @param {number} panelCount
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*/
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export function offGridResults(o, worst, panelWatts, panelCount) {
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const devicesWh = dailyLoadWh(o.loads);
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// AC devices draw through an inverter, so the batteries supply more than the devices use.
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const batteryLoadWh = o.acLoads && o.loadInverterEfficiency > 0
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? devicesWh / (o.loadInverterEfficiency / 100) : devicesWh;
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const capacityFactor = o.outdoors && o.battery === 'lead' ? leadAcidCapacityFactor(o.coldestMonthly) : 1;
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const bank = sizeBattery({
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loadWh: batteryLoadWh, days: o.days, dod: o.dod, voltage: o.systemVoltage, capacityFactor,
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});
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const sizing = controllerSizing({
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panelCount, panelWatts, series: o.series, voc: o.voc, vmp: o.vmp, isc: o.isc, betaVoc: o.betaVoc,
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coldest: o.coldest, controller: o.controller, controllerMaxVoltage: o.controllerMaxVoltage,
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systemVoltage: o.systemVoltage,
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});
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// A PWM controller wastes part of every panel's output, so more panels are needed.
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const worstPerKwp = worst ? worst.energyDaily * sizing.pwmFraction : null;
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const kwp = requiredKwp(batteryLoadWh, worstPerKwp, BATTERIES[o.battery].efficiency);
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const panelsNeeded = kwp && panelWatts > 0 ? Math.ceil(kwp * 1000 / panelWatts) : null;
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const yourArrayWh = worstPerKwp !== null
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? worstPerKwp * (panelCount * panelWatts / 1000) * 1000 * BATTERIES[o.battery].efficiency / 100 : null;
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return {
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devicesWh, batteryLoadWh, bank, kwp, panelsNeeded, sizing,
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coverage: batteryLoadWh > 0 && yourArrayWh !== null ? yourArrayWh / batteryLoadWh : null,
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warnings: batteryWarnings({battery: o.battery, outdoors: o.outdoors, coldestMonthly: o.coldestMonthly}),
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};
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}
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function LoadsSection({o, r, set, setNumber}) {
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const rows = o.loads.length ? o.loads : [{name: '', watts: '', hours: ''}];
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const write = next => set({load: next.some(row => row.name || row.watts || row.hours) ? formatLoads(next) : null});
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const update = (index, field, value) => write(rows.map((row, i) => (i === index ? {...row, [field]: value} : row)));
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const remove = index => write(rows.filter((_, i) => i !== index));
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return <>
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<Header as='h3'>Your devices</Header>
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<Hint>
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List what you will run and for how long each day. The watts are on the device's label or power supply;
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a refrigerator cycles on and off, so use about a third of its rating for 24 hours.
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</Hint>
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<Table>
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<Table.Header>
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<Table.Row>
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<Table.HeaderCell>Device</Table.HeaderCell>
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<Table.HeaderCell>Watts</Table.HeaderCell>
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<Table.HeaderCell>Hours per day</Table.HeaderCell>
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<Table.HeaderCell>Wh per day</Table.HeaderCell>
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<Table.HeaderCell/>
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</Table.Row>
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</Table.Header>
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<Table.Body>
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{rows.map((row, i) => <Table.Row key={i}>
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<Table.Cell>
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<TextInput aria-label={`Device ${i + 1} name`} placeholder='Refrigerator' value={row.name}
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onChange={e => update(i, 'name', e.target.value)}/>
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</Table.Cell>
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<Table.Cell>
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<NumberInput aria-label={`Device ${i + 1} watts`} placeholder='50' value={row.watts} min={0}
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hideControls onChange={v => update(i, 'watts', v)}/>
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</Table.Cell>
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<Table.Cell>
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<NumberInput aria-label={`Device ${i + 1} hours`} placeholder='24' value={row.hours} min={0}
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max={24} hideControls onChange={v => update(i, 'hours', v)}/>
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</Table.Cell>
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<Table.Cell>{fmt(loadWh(row))}</Table.Cell>
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<Table.Cell>
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<IconButton icon='trash' label={`Remove device ${i + 1}`} onClick={() => remove(i)}/>
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</Table.Cell>
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</Table.Row>)}
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</Table.Body>
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</Table>
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<Group gap='md' style={{marginTop: '0.5em'}}>
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<Button type='button' size='small' icon='add'
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onClick={() => write([...rows, {name: '', watts: '', hours: ''}])}>
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Add device
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</Button>
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<span><b>{fmt(r.devicesWh)} Wh</b> per day</span>
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</Group>
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<Group gap='lg' align='flex-end' style={{marginTop: '0.75em'}}>
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<Toggle label='Devices run on AC, through an inverter' checked={o.acLoads}
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onChange={e => set({ac: e.currentTarget.checked ? null : '0'})}/>
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{o.acLoads && <NumberInput label='Inverter efficiency (%)' name='leff' value={o.loadInverterEfficiency}
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min={50} max={100} step={1} style={{width: '12em'}}
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onChange={v => setNumber('leff', v, DEFAULT_LOAD_INVERTER_EFFICIENCY)}/>}
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</Group>
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</>;
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}
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function BatterySection({o, set, setNumber}) {
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return <>
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<Header as='h3' style={{marginTop: '1.5em'}}>Batteries</Header>
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<Hint>
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Days without sun is how long the batteries must carry your devices through cloudy weather. Two or three
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days is typical. Larger systems (over about 1,500 W of panels) usually use 24 or 48 volts.
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</Hint>
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<Grid>
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 12, sm: 6}}>
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<Select label='Battery type'
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data={Object.entries(BATTERIES).map(([value, b]) => ({value, label: b.label}))}
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value={o.battery} allowDeselect={false}
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onChange={v => set({bat: v === 'lfp' ? null : v, dod: null})}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 6, sm: 3}}>
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<Select label='System voltage' data={SYSTEM_VOLTAGES.map(v => ({value: `${v}`, label: `${v} V`}))}
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value={`${o.systemVoltage}`} allowDeselect={false}
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onChange={v => set({sv: v === '12' ? null : v})}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 6, sm: 3}}>
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<NumberInput label='Days without sun' name='aut' value={o.days} min={0} step={0.5}
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onChange={v => setNumber('aut', v, DEFAULT_DAYS)}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 12, sm: 6}}>
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<NumberInput label='Usable depth of discharge (%)' name='dod' value={o.dod} min={10} max={100} step={5}
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onChange={v => setNumber('dod', v, BATTERIES[o.battery].dod)}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 12, sm: 6}} style={{display: 'flex', alignItems: 'flex-end'}}>
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<Toggle label='Batteries are outdoors or unheated' checked={o.outdoors}
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onChange={e => set({bout: e.currentTarget.checked ? '1' : null})}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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</Grid>
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</>;
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}
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function NeedsSection({o, r, worst, s, setNumber}) {
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if (!(r.devicesWh > 0)) {
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return <div style={{marginTop: '1em'}}>
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<Message kind='info' title='Add your devices'>List your devices above to size the system.</Message>
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</div>;
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}
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const coverage = r.coverage;
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return <Panel style={{marginTop: '1.5em'}}>
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<Header as='h3'>What you need</Header>
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<StatisticGroup>
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<Statistic value={fmt(r.panelsNeeded)} label={`${s.panelWatts} W panels for ${worst.month}`}/>
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<Statistic value={fmt(r.bank?.ah)} label={`Ah of ${o.systemVoltage} V battery`}/>
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<Statistic value={fmt(r.bank ? r.bank.nominalWh / 1000 : null, 1)} label='kWh of battery'/>
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<Statistic value={fmt(r.batteryLoadWh)} label='Wh per day from the batteries'/>
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</StatisticGroup>
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<p>
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Sized for {worst.month}, your darkest month, when each kW of panels makes about{' '}
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{fmt(worst.energyDaily, 1)} kWh a day at the angle chosen under Fine-tune.
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{o.controller === 'pwm' && ` The PWM controller uses only ${fmt(r.sizing.pwmFraction * 100)}% of the `
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+ 'panels\' power, so more panels are needed.'}
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</p>
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{coverage !== null && <p>
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Your {s.panelCount} panel{s.panelCount === 1 ? '' : 's'} would supply about{' '}
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<b>{fmt(Math.min(coverage, 9.99) * 100)}%</b> of your use in {worst.month}.{' '}
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{r.panelsNeeded !== s.panelCount && r.panelsNeeded > 0 &&
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<Button type='button' size='small' onClick={() => setNumber('pn', r.panelsNeeded, 1)}>
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Use {r.panelsNeeded} panels
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</Button>}
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</p>}
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{r.warnings.map(w => <Message key={w} kind='warning' title='Battery'>{w}</Message>)}
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</Panel>;
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}
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function ControllerSection({o, r, set, setNumber}) {
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const z = r.sizing;
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const panelField = (key, label, value, fallback, step) => <Grid.Col span={{base: 6, sm: 3}}>
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<NumberInput label={label} name={key} value={value} step={step} decimalScale={3}
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onChange={v => setNumber(key, v, fallback)}/>
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</Grid.Col>;
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return <>
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<Header as='h3' style={{marginTop: '1.5em'}}>Charge controller and wiring</Header>
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<Hint>
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Copy these from the label on the back of your panel. Panels make a higher voltage when cold; too many in
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series can exceed the controller's limit on a cold morning and destroy it. The coldest morning starts
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25 °C below your coldest monthly average, because averages hide cold snaps; enter your area's record
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low if you know it.
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</Hint>
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<Grid>
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{panelField('voc', 'Open-circuit voltage, Voc (V)', o.voc, PANEL_DEFAULTS.voc, 0.1)}
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{panelField('vmp', 'Max-power voltage, Vmp (V)', o.vmp, PANEL_DEFAULTS.vmp, 0.1)}
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{panelField('isc', 'Short-circuit current, Isc (A)', o.isc, PANEL_DEFAULTS.isc, 0.1)}
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{panelField('bvoc', 'Voc temperature coefficient (%/°C)', o.betaVoc, PANEL_DEFAULTS.bvoc, 0.01)}
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 6, sm: 3}}>
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<Select label='Controller type'
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data={Object.entries(CONTROLLERS).map(([value, c]) => ({value, label: c.label}))}
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value={o.controller} allowDeselect={false}
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onChange={v => set({ctl: v === 'mppt' ? null : v})}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 6, sm: 3}}>
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<NumberInput label='Controller max PV voltage (V)' name='cmax' value={o.controllerMaxVoltage} min={0}
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step={10} onChange={v => setNumber('cmax', v, DEFAULT_CONTROLLER_MAX_VOLTAGE)}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 6, sm: 3}}>
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<NumberInput label='Panels in series' name='ns' value={o.series} min={1} step={1}
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onChange={v => setNumber('ns', v, 1)}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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<Grid.Col span={{base: 6, sm: 3}}>
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<NumberInput label='Coldest morning (°C)' name='tmin' value={o.coldest} step={1}
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onChange={v => setNumber('tmin', v, o.defaultTmin)}/>
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</Grid.Col>
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</Grid>
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<Table style={{marginTop: '1em'}}>
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<Table.Body>
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<Table.Row>
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<Table.Cell>Strings</Table.Cell>
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<Table.Cell>{z.strings} of {o.series} panel{o.series === 1 ? '' : 's'} in series</Table.Cell>
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</Table.Row>
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<Table.Row>
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<Table.Cell>String voltage on the coldest morning</Table.Cell>
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<Table.Cell>{fmt(z.stringColdVoc, 1)} V (most panels in series: {z.maxSeries})</Table.Cell>
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</Table.Row>
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<Table.Row>
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<Table.Cell>Controller current rating, at least</Table.Cell>
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<Table.Cell>{fmt(z.current)} A</Table.Cell>
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</Table.Row>
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</Table.Body>
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</Table>
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{z.overVoltage && <Message kind='error' title='Too much voltage for the controller'>
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{o.series} panels in series reach {fmt(z.stringColdVoc, 1)} V on a {o.coldest} °C morning, over the
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controller's {o.controllerMaxVoltage} V limit. Use at most {z.maxSeries} in series, or a controller rated
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for more voltage.
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</Message>}
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{z.lowVoltage && <Message kind='warning' title='Too little voltage to charge'>
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On a hot day {o.series} panel{o.series === 1 ? '' : 's'} in series may not stay far enough above the
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battery's charging voltage for an MPPT controller. Put more panels in series.
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</Message>}
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{z.unevenStrings && <Message kind='warning' title='Uneven strings'>
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Your panel count does not divide evenly into strings of {o.series}. Every string should have the same
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number of panels.
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</Message>}
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{o.controller === 'mppt' && z.current > HIGH_CURRENT && o.systemVoltage < 48 &&
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<Message kind='info' title='High current'>
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{fmt(z.current)} A needs a large controller and thick wire. A higher system voltage would cut the
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current.
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</Message>}
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</>;
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}
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/**
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* The off-grid sizing tab.
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*
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* @param {Object} worst the worst month for a 1 kW DC array, or null when there is no estimate
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* @param {number[]} temperatures monthly average temperatures at the site, °C
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*/
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export function SolarOffGrid({get, set, setNumber, s, worst, temperatures}) {
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const o = offGridFromParams(get, temperatures);
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const r = offGridResults(o, worst, s.panelWatts, s.panelCount);
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return <div style={{marginTop: '1em'}}>
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<Hint>
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Size a battery system to run your devices through the darkest month. Production here is DC; the
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Inverter section under Fine-tune is for grid-tie systems and does not apply.
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</Hint>
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<LoadsSection o={o} r={r} set={set} setNumber={setNumber}/>
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<BatterySection o={o} set={set} setNumber={setNumber}/>
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{worst
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? <NeedsSection o={o} r={r} worst={worst} s={s} setNumber={setNumber}/>
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: <div style={{marginTop: '1em'}}>
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<Message kind='info' title='Almost there'>Enter a location above to size the system.</Message>
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</div>}
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<ControllerSection o={o} r={r} set={set} setNumber={setNumber}/>
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</div>;
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}
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