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ffmpeg wrote `<stem>.transcode.<container>` next to the source. A refresh that overlapped the transcode discovered that file, probed the half-written output (errors in the log), and created a FileGroup and Video for a path the final rename removed moments later. The temporary file is now `.<stem>.transcode.<container>`: every discovery path already skips hidden files, and staying in the same directory keeps the rename over the final path atomic. `transcode_tmp_path` is the single place the name is built. Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
521 lines
25 KiB
Python
521 lines
25 KiB
Python
import asyncio
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import os
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import pathlib
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import shutil
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from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Callable
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from modules.videos.common import ffprobe_json, ffmpeg_video_complete_async
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from wrolpi.captions import FFMPEG_BIN
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from wrolpi.cmd import run_command
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from wrolpi.common import logger, get_relative_to_media_directory, wrol_mode_enabled
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from wrolpi.db import get_db_session
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from wrolpi.jobs import register_job, get_current_job
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from wrolpi.vars import DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS, PYTEST
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logger = logger.getChild(__name__)
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# How often a waiting worker re-checks the machine-wide transcode lock.
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TRANSCODE_LOCK_POLL_SECONDS = 0.1 if PYTEST else 10
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# ffprobe `codec_name` values that satisfy each user-selectable codec preference.
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FFPROBE_VIDEO_CODEC_NAMES = {
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'h264': {'h264'},
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'hevc': {'hevc', 'h265'},
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'vp9': {'vp9'},
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'av1': {'av1'},
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'vp8': {'vp8'},
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}
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FFPROBE_AUDIO_CODEC_NAMES = {
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'aac': {'aac'},
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'opus': {'opus'},
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'mp3': {'mp3'},
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'vorbis': {'vorbis'},
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}
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# Codecs which can be a transcode *target*, mapped to their ffmpeg encoder args. VP9/AV1/HEVC are
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# omitted because software encoding them is impractically slow on a Raspberry Pi.
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TRANSCODE_VIDEO_TARGETS = {
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'h264': ('-c:v', 'libx264', '-preset', 'medium', '-crf', '23'),
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}
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TRANSCODE_AUDIO_TARGETS = {
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'aac': ('-c:a', 'aac', '-b:a', '192k'),
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'opus': ('-c:a', 'libopus', '-b:a', '128k'),
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'mp3': ('-c:a', 'libmp3lame', '-q:a', '2'),
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}
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# Containers that can hold an h264/aac transcode result. webm cannot.
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TRANSCODE_CONTAINERS = ('mp4', 'mkv') # For output with a video stream.
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# For audio-only output: the video stream removed (`REMOVE_VIDEO`), or an audio-only source.
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TRANSCODE_AUDIO_CONTAINERS = ('m4a', 'ogg', 'mp3')
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# ffprobe codec names each audio container can hold without re-encoding.
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# Ordered: `default_audio_container` picks the first container that holds a codec, so the most
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# specific container comes first (mp3 fits in m4a too, but an .mp3 is what a user expects).
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AUDIO_CONTAINER_CODECS = {
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'mp3': {'mp3'},
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'ogg': {'opus', 'vorbis', 'flac'},
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'm4a': {'aac', 'mp3', 'alac'},
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}
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# `target_vcodec` value meaning "drop the video stream"; the output is an audio file.
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REMOVE_VIDEO = 'none'
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# ffprobe's `format_name` token for each container (mkv reports "matroska,webm").
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CONTAINER_FORMAT_NAMES = {'mp4': 'mp4', 'mkv': 'matroska', 'm4a': 'm4a', 'ogg': 'ogg', 'mp3': 'mp3'}
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# `-movflags +faststart` is an mp4-muxer option; other muxers warn about it.
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FASTSTART_CONTAINERS = ('mp4', 'm4a')
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# Fragmented mp4 (`fragmented=True`): a tiny moov plus a global seek index, samples described per
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# fragment. A very long video's whole-file index can reach tens of MB, which a phone must fetch
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# and parse before the first frame; fragments make it start and seek quickly. mp4/m4a only.
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FRAGMENTED_MOVFLAGS = '+frag_keyframe+empty_moov+default_base_moof+global_sidx'
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FRAGMENT_DURATION_US = 10_000_000
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def default_audio_container(codec: Optional[str]) -> str:
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"""The natural audio container for a codec: what a player expects from the suffix."""
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for container, codecs in AUDIO_CONTAINER_CODECS.items():
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if codec in codecs:
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return container
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return 'm4a'
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TRANSCODE_TIMEOUT = 4 * 60 * 60 # A long video on a Raspberry Pi can take hours.
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# Output verification (see `verify_transcode_output`): the output's duration may differ from the
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# source by this much before it is considered truncated. Muxers trim a frame or two; a truncated
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# file is off by minutes.
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DURATION_TOLERANCE_SECONDS = 1.0
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DURATION_TOLERANCE_RATIO = 0.01
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# Transcoding writes a whole new copy of the video next to the original.
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MINIMUM_FREE_SPACE_RATIO = 1.5
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def get_stream_codec_names(ffprobe_data: dict, codec_type: str) -> List[str]:
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"""Return the codec_name of every stream of the given type ('video' or 'audio').
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Embedded thumbnails appear as mjpeg/png video streams; they are not real video."""
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streams = (ffprobe_data or {}).get('streams') or []
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names = [s.get('codec_name') for s in streams if s.get('codec_type') == codec_type]
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if codec_type == 'video':
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names = [i for i in names if i not in ('mjpeg', 'png')]
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return [i for i in names if i]
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def codecs_match(ffprobe_data: dict, video_codecs: List[str], audio_codecs: List[str]) \
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-> Tuple[bool, bool]:
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"""Return (video matches, audio matches) for the codec preferences.
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An empty preference list always matches. A missing stream also matches (an audio-only file
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has no video stream to enforce)."""
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video_match = True
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if video_codecs:
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names = get_stream_codec_names(ffprobe_data, 'video')
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if names:
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acceptable = set().union(*(FFPROBE_VIDEO_CODEC_NAMES.get(i, {i}) for i in video_codecs))
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video_match = any(i in acceptable for i in names)
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audio_match = True
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if audio_codecs:
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names = get_stream_codec_names(ffprobe_data, 'audio')
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if names:
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acceptable = set().union(*(FFPROBE_AUDIO_CODEC_NAMES.get(i, {i}) for i in audio_codecs))
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audio_match = any(i in acceptable for i in names)
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return video_match, audio_match
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def get_transcode_target(preferences: List[str], targets: dict) -> Optional[str]:
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"""The first preferred codec that is a supported transcode target, or None."""
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for codec in preferences or []:
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if codec in targets:
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return codec
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return None
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def transcode_can_satisfy_codecs(video_codecs: List[str], audio_codecs: List[str]) -> bool:
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"""True only if transcoding could produce a preferred codec for every non-empty preference
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list. When False, enabling transcode cannot guarantee the preferences (e.g. av1-only), so
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strict_codecs must still be honored."""
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return ((not video_codecs or get_transcode_target(video_codecs, TRANSCODE_VIDEO_TARGETS) is not None)
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and (not audio_codecs or get_transcode_target(audio_codecs, TRANSCODE_AUDIO_TARGETS) is not None))
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async def _acquire_transcode_lock():
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"""Block (asynchronously) until this process holds the machine-wide transcode lock.
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Polled with sleep instead of a blocking acquire so a multi-hour ffmpeg hold elsewhere does
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not stall this worker's event loop."""
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from wrolpi.api_utils import api_app
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lock = api_app.shared_ctx.transcode_lock
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if not lock.acquire(block=False):
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logger.info('Waiting for another transcode to finish')
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while not lock.acquire(block=False):
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await asyncio.sleep(TRANSCODE_LOCK_POLL_SECONDS)
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return lock
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def transcode_tmp_path(video_path: pathlib.Path, container: str) -> pathlib.Path:
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"""Where ffmpeg writes its output before it is renamed over the final path.
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Hidden (dot-prefixed) in the video's own directory: a refresh skips hidden files, so a refresh that
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overlaps the transcode neither probes the half-written output nor creates a FileGroup for a file
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that the rename removes moments later; and same-directory keeps the final rename atomic."""
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return video_path.with_name(f'.{video_path.stem}.transcode.{container}')
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async def transcode_video_file(video_path: pathlib.Path,
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target_vcodec: Optional[str] = None,
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target_acodec: Optional[str] = None,
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container: str = 'mp4',
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duration: Optional[float] = None,
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keep_original: bool = False,
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fragmented: bool = False) -> pathlib.Path:
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"""Transcode a video file in place (same stem, possibly a new container extension).
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Only one transcode runs at a time machine-wide (across all Sanic workers); this call waits
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for its turn. Only the stream(s) with a target are re-encoded; the other stream is copied.
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The output is written to a temporary file in the same directory, then atomically renamed over
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the final path. The original file is deleted if the extension changed, unless
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`keep_original`: a caller with database records pointing at the original must retarget them
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first, then delete it (see `transcode_video_job`), so a crash never leaves the records pointing
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at a deleted file. Returns the final path.
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When run inside a Job (see `wrolpi.jobs`), ffmpeg's output is captured into the Job log and, if
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`duration` (seconds) is known, progress is reported to the Job.
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@raise RuntimeError: when ffmpeg fails, or there is not enough free disk space.
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"""
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if not FFMPEG_BIN:
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raise RuntimeError('ffmpeg was not found')
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# No target for either stream is a remux: both streams are copied into the (new) container.
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# `target_vcodec=REMOVE_VIDEO` (or an audio-only source) makes the output an audio file; see
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# `resolve_output`, which also settles an unsuitable container.
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lock = await _acquire_transcode_lock()
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try:
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return await _transcode_video_file(video_path, target_vcodec, target_acodec, container, duration,
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keep_original, fragmented)
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finally:
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lock.release()
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async def probe_for_verify(path: pathlib.Path) -> dict:
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"""ffprobe a file for `verify_transcode_output`. Separate so tests can replace it."""
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return await ffprobe_json(path)
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def _format_names(probe: dict) -> List[str]:
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return str((probe.get('format') or {}).get('format_name') or '').split(',')
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def _duration(probe: dict) -> Optional[float]:
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try:
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return float((probe.get('format') or {}).get('duration'))
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except (TypeError, ValueError):
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return None
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def verify_transcode_output(source: dict, output: dict, target_vcodec: Optional[str],
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target_acodec: Optional[str], container: str):
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"""Compare ffprobe results of the source and the transcoded output; the output must be a
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complete rendition of the source before the source is replaced by it.
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Checks: the output parses (its index was written), it is in the requested container, it has a
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video stream (and an audio stream when the source has one), each stream's codec is the target
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or, when copied, the source's, and the duration matches within a tolerance.
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@raise RuntimeError: describing the first failed check.
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"""
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if not output or output.get('streams') is None:
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raise RuntimeError('Transcode output could not be probed (no streams); its index may be missing')
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expected_format = CONTAINER_FORMAT_NAMES.get(container, container)
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if expected_format not in _format_names(output):
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raise RuntimeError(f'Transcode output container is {_format_names(output)}, expected {container}')
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source_video = get_stream_codec_names(source, 'video')
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source_audio = get_stream_codec_names(source, 'audio')
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output_video = get_stream_codec_names(output, 'video')
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output_audio = get_stream_codec_names(output, 'audio')
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audio_only = target_vcodec == REMOVE_VIDEO or not source_video
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if audio_only:
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if output_video:
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raise RuntimeError(f'Transcode output still has a video stream ({output_video[0]})')
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if not output_audio:
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raise RuntimeError('Transcode output has no audio stream')
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else:
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if not output_video:
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raise RuntimeError('Transcode output has no video stream')
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if source_audio and not output_audio:
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raise RuntimeError('Transcode output has no audio stream, but the source has one')
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expected_video = target_vcodec or (source_video[0] if source_video else None)
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if expected_video and output_video[0] != expected_video:
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raise RuntimeError(f'Transcode output video codec is {output_video[0]}, expected {expected_video}')
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expected_audio = target_acodec or (source_audio[0] if source_audio else None)
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if output_audio and expected_audio and output_audio[0] != expected_audio:
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raise RuntimeError(f'Transcode output audio codec is {output_audio[0]}, expected {expected_audio}')
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source_duration, output_duration = _duration(source), _duration(output)
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if source_duration is not None:
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if output_duration is None:
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raise RuntimeError('Transcode output has no duration')
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tolerance = max(DURATION_TOLERANCE_SECONDS, DURATION_TOLERANCE_RATIO * source_duration)
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if abs(source_duration - output_duration) > tolerance:
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raise RuntimeError(
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f'Transcode output duration is {output_duration:.1f}s, source is {source_duration:.1f}s')
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async def _verify_tail_decodes(path: pathlib.Path, runner: Callable):
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"""The same completeness check a download gets (`ffmpeg_video_complete`), as a hard failure.
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@raise RuntimeError: when the tail of `path` does not decode cleanly."""
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ok, errors = await ffmpeg_video_complete_async(path, runner=runner)
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if not ok:
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raise RuntimeError(f'Transcode output failed to decode: {errors[-2000:] or "ffmpeg exited non-zero"}')
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def make_ffmpeg_progress_parser(duration: Optional[float], set_progress: Callable[[float], None]) \
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-> Callable[[str], None]:
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"""Return a callback for `ffmpeg -progress pipe:1` stdout lines which reports percent complete.
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ffmpeg emits `out_time_us=<microseconds>` (older builds: `out_time_ms`, also microseconds)."""
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last = [-1]
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def parse(line: str):
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if not duration or duration <= 0:
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return
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key, sep, value = line.partition('=')
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if not sep or key not in ('out_time_us', 'out_time_ms'):
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return
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try:
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seconds = int(value) / 1_000_000
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except ValueError:
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return
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percent = int(min(100.0, max(0.0, 100.0 * seconds / duration)))
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if percent != last[0]:
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last[0] = percent
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set_progress(percent)
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return parse
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def resolve_output(source_probe: dict, target_vcodec: Optional[str], target_acodec: Optional[str],
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container: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
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"""Decide whether the output is audio-only and which container it gets.
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Audio-only when the video is to be removed, or the source has no video stream. An audio
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container that cannot hold the (copied or target) audio codec is refused; a video container
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asked for an audio-only output is replaced by the codec's natural one.
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@raise RuntimeError: when the request cannot be satisfied by this source."""
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source_video = get_stream_codec_names(source_probe, 'video')
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source_audio = get_stream_codec_names(source_probe, 'audio')
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if target_vcodec and target_vcodec != REMOVE_VIDEO and not source_video:
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raise RuntimeError(f'Cannot transcode video to {target_vcodec}: the file has no video stream')
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audio_only = target_vcodec == REMOVE_VIDEO or not source_video
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if not audio_only:
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if container not in TRANSCODE_CONTAINERS:
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logger.info(f'Forcing mp4 container ({container} cannot hold a video stream)')
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container = 'mp4'
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return False, container
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if not source_audio:
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raise RuntimeError('Cannot produce an audio file: the source has no audio stream')
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effective_acodec = target_acodec or source_audio[0]
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if container not in TRANSCODE_AUDIO_CONTAINERS:
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container = default_audio_container(effective_acodec)
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logger.info(f'Using {container} container for audio-only output ({effective_acodec})')
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elif effective_acodec not in AUDIO_CONTAINER_CODECS[container]:
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raise RuntimeError(
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f'{effective_acodec} audio cannot be stored in {container}; choose another container or codec')
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return True, container
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async def _transcode_video_file(video_path: pathlib.Path, target_vcodec: Optional[str],
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target_acodec: Optional[str], container: str,
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duration: Optional[float] = None, keep_original: bool = False,
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fragmented: bool = False) -> pathlib.Path:
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"""The ffmpeg work of `transcode_video_file`; the caller holds the transcode lock."""
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# Notify here, after the lock: the wait for another transcode can last hours, and the user
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# should hear "Transcoding" only when this file's work actually begins.
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try:
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from wrolpi.events import Events
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Events.send_user_notify(f'Transcoding {video_path.name}')
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except Exception:
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# Events are best-effort; never let them break a download.
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logger.debug(f'Failed to send transcode event for {video_path}', exc_info=True)
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source_size = video_path.stat().st_size
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free = shutil.disk_usage(video_path.parent).free
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if free < MINIMUM_FREE_SPACE_RATIO * source_size:
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raise RuntimeError(
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f'Not enough free space to transcode {video_path} ({free} bytes free, source is {source_size} bytes)')
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# Probed before ffmpeg: the command depends on the source's streams, and verification compares
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# against the file as it was.
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source_probe = await probe_for_verify(video_path)
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audio_only, container = resolve_output(source_probe, target_vcodec, target_acodec, container)
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audio_args = TRANSCODE_AUDIO_TARGETS[target_acodec] if target_acodec else ('-c:a', 'copy')
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if audio_only:
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# `-vn` also drops embedded cover art; the audio stream is required.
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map_args = ('-map', '0:a:0', '-vn')
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video_args = ()
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else:
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# 0:V:0 excludes attached-picture streams (embedded thumbnails); 0:a:0? tolerates a video
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# with no audio stream.
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map_args = ('-map', '0:V:0', '-map', '0:a:0?')
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video_args = TRANSCODE_VIDEO_TARGETS[target_vcodec] if target_vcodec else ('-c:v', 'copy')
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if container in FASTSTART_CONTAINERS and fragmented:
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mux_args = ('-movflags', FRAGMENTED_MOVFLAGS, '-frag_duration', str(FRAGMENT_DURATION_US))
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elif container in FASTSTART_CONTAINERS:
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mux_args = ('-movflags', '+faststart')
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else:
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mux_args = ()
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final_path = video_path.with_suffix(f'.{container}')
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tmp_path = transcode_tmp_path(video_path, container)
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cmd = (FFMPEG_BIN, '-y',
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'-i', video_path,
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*map_args,
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*video_args,
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*audio_args,
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*mux_args,
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# Machine-readable progress on stdout (the human progress line is suppressed).
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'-nostats', '-progress', 'pipe:1',
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str(tmp_path))
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logger.warning(f'Transcoding {video_path} to {final_path} (video={target_vcodec}, audio={target_acodec})')
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try:
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job = get_current_job()
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runner = job.run_command if job else run_command
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if job:
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# Inside a Job: ffmpeg's output lands in the Job log and progress is reported.
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result = await job.run_command(cmd, cwd=video_path.parent, timeout=TRANSCODE_TIMEOUT,
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stdout_callback=make_ffmpeg_progress_parser(duration, job.set_progress))
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else:
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result = await run_command(cmd, cwd=video_path.parent, timeout=TRANSCODE_TIMEOUT)
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if result.return_code != 0:
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raise RuntimeError(
|
|
f'ffmpeg exited with {result.return_code} while transcoding {video_path}:'
|
|
f'\n{result.stderr.decode()[-2000:]}')
|
|
|
|
# The original is only replaced by a complete output: compare probes, then prove the tail
|
|
# decodes. A failure here leaves the original untouched.
|
|
logger.info(f'Verifying transcode output {tmp_path}')
|
|
output_probe = await probe_for_verify(tmp_path)
|
|
verify_transcode_output(source_probe, output_probe, target_vcodec, target_acodec, container)
|
|
await _verify_tail_decodes(tmp_path, runner)
|
|
except BaseException:
|
|
# BaseException: a cancelled Job's run_command raises CancelledError, which must not leave
|
|
# the partial output behind for a refresh to index.
|
|
tmp_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
# fsync before the rename: a Pi losing power after the rename must not be left with a
|
|
# truncated final file.
|
|
fd = os.open(tmp_path, os.O_RDONLY)
|
|
try:
|
|
os.fsync(fd)
|
|
finally:
|
|
os.close(fd)
|
|
|
|
# The old ffprobe sidecar describes the old streams.
|
|
video_path.with_suffix('.ffprobe.json').unlink(missing_ok=True)
|
|
tmp_path.rename(final_path)
|
|
if final_path != video_path and not keep_original:
|
|
video_path.unlink()
|
|
final_path.chmod(DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS)
|
|
|
|
# fsync the directory so the rename itself is durable.
|
|
fd = os.open(video_path.parent, os.O_RDONLY)
|
|
try:
|
|
os.fsync(fd)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
pass # Some filesystems refuse directory fsync; the rename is still atomic.
|
|
finally:
|
|
os.close(fd)
|
|
return final_path
|
|
|
|
|
|
def validate_transcode_request(video_codec: Optional[str], audio_codec: Optional[str], container: str,
|
|
fragmented: bool = False):
|
|
"""@raise ValueError: when the request cannot be transcoded. No codec at all is a remux;
|
|
`video_codec=REMOVE_VIDEO` drops the video stream and needs an audio container; `fragmented`
|
|
needs an mp4 container."""
|
|
if video_codec and video_codec != REMOVE_VIDEO and video_codec not in TRANSCODE_VIDEO_TARGETS:
|
|
raise ValueError(f'Cannot transcode video to {video_codec!r}; supported: {sorted(TRANSCODE_VIDEO_TARGETS)}')
|
|
if audio_codec and audio_codec not in TRANSCODE_AUDIO_TARGETS:
|
|
raise ValueError(f'Cannot transcode audio to {audio_codec!r}; supported: {sorted(TRANSCODE_AUDIO_TARGETS)}')
|
|
containers = TRANSCODE_CONTAINERS + TRANSCODE_AUDIO_CONTAINERS
|
|
if container not in containers:
|
|
raise ValueError(f'Unsupported container {container!r}; supported: {containers}')
|
|
if fragmented and container not in FASTSTART_CONTAINERS:
|
|
raise ValueError(f'A fragmented file must be mp4 (or m4a), not {container}')
|
|
if video_codec == REMOVE_VIDEO and container not in TRANSCODE_AUDIO_CONTAINERS:
|
|
raise ValueError(f'Removing the video needs an audio container ({TRANSCODE_AUDIO_CONTAINERS}), not {container}')
|
|
if container in TRANSCODE_AUDIO_CONTAINERS:
|
|
if video_codec and video_codec != REMOVE_VIDEO:
|
|
raise ValueError(f'A video stream cannot be stored in {container}; remove the video or choose a video container')
|
|
if audio_codec and audio_codec not in AUDIO_CONTAINER_CODECS[container]:
|
|
raise ValueError(f'{audio_codec} audio cannot be stored in {container}; '
|
|
f'it holds {sorted(AUDIO_CONTAINER_CODECS[container])}')
|
|
|
|
|
|
def retarget_file_group(file_group_id: int, old_path: pathlib.Path, new_path: pathlib.Path):
|
|
"""Point a Video's FileGroup at the transcoded file and mark it for re-modeling. Committed."""
|
|
from modules.videos.models import Video
|
|
from wrolpi.files.lib import get_mimetype
|
|
|
|
with get_db_session(commit=True) as session:
|
|
video = Video.find_by_file_group_id(session, file_group_id)
|
|
file_group = video.file_group
|
|
if new_path != old_path:
|
|
mimetype = get_mimetype(new_path)
|
|
file_group.files = [
|
|
{**i, 'path': new_path.name, 'mimetype': mimetype} if i['path'] == old_path.name else i
|
|
for i in file_group.files
|
|
]
|
|
file_group.primary_path = new_path
|
|
file_group.mimetype = mimetype
|
|
# The streams changed: the modeler must ffprobe the file again.
|
|
video.ffprobe_json = None
|
|
file_group.indexed = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
@register_job('transcode_video')
|
|
async def transcode_video_job(file_group_id: int, video_codec: Optional[str] = None,
|
|
audio_codec: Optional[str] = None, container: str = 'mp4',
|
|
fragmented: bool = False) -> dict:
|
|
"""Transcode a Video's file, then re-index it so the FileGroup reflects the new file.
|
|
|
|
Run as a Job (`transcode_video_job.enqueue(...)`) so the user can watch and cancel it."""
|
|
from modules.videos.models import Video
|
|
from wrolpi.files.worker import file_worker
|
|
|
|
# The API refuses to queue in WROL Mode; this catches a Job queued before it was enabled.
|
|
if wrol_mode_enabled():
|
|
raise RuntimeError('Cannot transcode while WROL Mode is enabled')
|
|
|
|
validate_transcode_request(video_codec, audio_codec, container, fragmented)
|
|
|
|
with get_db_session() as session:
|
|
video = Video.find_by_file_group_id(session, file_group_id)
|
|
video_path = video.video_path
|
|
duration = video.file_group.length
|
|
if not video_path or not video_path.is_file():
|
|
raise RuntimeError(f'Video file does not exist: {video_path}')
|
|
|
|
# The original is kept until the database points at the new file (below).
|
|
final_path = await transcode_video_file(video_path, video_codec, audio_codec, container, duration=duration,
|
|
keep_original=True, fragmented=fragmented)
|
|
|
|
# Point the existing FileGroup at the new file *before* deleting the original and *before*
|
|
# refreshing. A crash after the delete would leave the database pointing at a missing file;
|
|
# a refresh which finds a new filename on disk would delete this FileGroup and create another,
|
|
# losing tags and history.
|
|
retarget_file_group(file_group_id, video_path, final_path)
|
|
if final_path != video_path:
|
|
video_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
|
|
|
|
job_id = file_worker.queue_refresh([final_path], send_events=False)
|
|
await file_worker.wait_for_job(job_id)
|
|
|
|
return {'path': str(get_relative_to_media_directory(final_path))}
|